Literature Review on Liver Biopsy Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review on Liver Biopsy. Answer: Introduction The human body is composed of extracellular materials and cells, which have been produced by cells. Histology is the discipline focusing on the microscopic examination of the human body components(Alturkistani, Tashkandi, Mohammedsaleh, 2016). Through histology, it is possible to understand the organization of human body organs and tissues. It consists of broader aspects of microscopic anatomy. There are different methods that can be used to examine structures of cells and tissue characteristics. Histological studies are important in the autopsy, forensic investigations, education, and diagnosis (Black, 2012). This article focuses on the literature review on the advantages and limitations of histology technique used to examine the liver tissues. Literature Review Liver biopsy Needle biopsy is an important histological technique used to examine liver tissue. With this technique, studies have found that it is possible to manage liver diseases(Aziaripour, Lagerweij, Scharfbilling, Jadczak, Willershausen, Van Noorden, 2016). Liver biopsy seems to be easier and safer to use as it involves the use of open and laparoscopic, transjugular, and percutaneous biopsies(Suriawinata Thung, 2015). Percutaneous allows for the use of suction needle and cutting needle techniques in examining liver tissues. This technique is least invasive, least costly and most common liver biopsy. In fact, suction needle technique offers an adequate specimen for evaluating the histologic and related ancillary studies(Liversupport.com, 2017). However, the complications leading to specimen outcome can cause inadvertent biopsy of adjacent organs like intestine, pancreas, and kidney(Suriawinata Thung, 2015). Additionally, transjugular or transvenous is an important liver biopsy method. It involves the use of catheter through the inferior vena cava, right vein, and internal jugular vein(Suriawinata Thung, 2015). The catheter technique provides a second-line procedure, especially in patients suffering from coagulation disorders, gross ascites, fulminant hepatic failure and severe obesity. Studies have indicated that transjugular technique poses considerable costs, time, and effort(Suriawinata Thung, 2015). Indeed, the percutaneous biopsy is affordable technique compared to transjugular. This is because; it involves the use of smaller fragmented specimens. Nonetheless, catheter technique allows for the use of better needles thus improved the specimen quality(Liversupport.com, 2017). The complications relating to this technique because of the multiple specimens include inadvertent biopsy, contrast-related reaction, and arrhythmia. Laparoscopic method of liver biopsy offers direct visualization of peritoneal and liver cavity. The technique allows for the use of wedge and needle biopsy, as it involves the use of larger specimen. The users of the technique have recognized the sensitivity of the chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis like viral hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia(Black, 2012). Conversely, laparoscopic bariatric surgery is viewed as an expensive and invasive method. With this technology, Avwioro, Iyiola, and Aghoghovwia explained that the risk of hemorrhage and anesthesia due to the invasive nature of the method(Avwioro, Iyiola, Aghoghovwia, 2010). Laparoscopic bariatric surgery is popular for the obese patients thus increase the evaluation of intraoperative biopsies for fibrosis and steatohepatitis. Computed tomography has also been used as a liver biopsy technique. This ultrasound-guided technique involves the use of fine-needle aspiration. The computed tomography avoids the use of intersecting vessels and visualizes hepatic lesion(Suriawinata Thung, 2015). For cytologic or histologic diagnosis, it is possible to handle complex anatomy cases based on the space-occupying lesion. Scholars have argued that multiple aspirations ensure adequate specimen thus makes the interpretation achievable(Black, 2012). Similarly, the cell block evident in the ultrasound-guided technique allows for the additional staining and increase sensitivity(Suriawinata Thung, 2015). However, controversial issues have emerged regarding the computed tomography because it allows for the persistent of malignant cells. Interestingly, this technique is beneficial to cirrhotic patients has it reduces the hemorrhage risks compared with transcutaneous biopsy. The liver biopsy has proved useful in evaluating patients with liver problems, especially space-occupying lesion(Liversupport.com, 2017). This technique is critical for patients with allograft dysfunction, steatohepatitis, and chronic viral hepatitis thus assesses the level of liver damage. In most cases, where the clinical diagnosis generates doubt regarding acute hepatitis, liver biopsy becomes critical. In fact, where there are multifactorial causes of acute hepatitis or mistaken working diagnosis, the liver biopsy defines the situation accurately(Ong, Gravante, Metcalfe, Dennilson, 2013). Liver biopsy has proved to be relatively safe despite being an invasive procedure. Conclusion The liver biopsy is an important histological examination technique that is based on specific routine. The systematic approach ensures diagnostic findings are accurate. It considers various anatomic structures of the tissue leading to a meaningful diagnosis. Importantly, the article has focused on the liver biopsy techniques in examining the damages and injuries on the liver tissues. It has analyzed the findings of different studies relating to the histological techniques for examining liver tissue. Bibliography Alturkistani, H. A., Tashkandi, F. M., Mohammedsaleh, Z. M. (2016, March). Histological Stains: A Literature Review and Case Study. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(3), 72-79. Avwioro, G., Iyiola, S., Aghoghovwia, B. (2010, August). Histological and Biochemical Markers of the Liver of Wistar Rats on Subchronic Oral Administration of Green Tea. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(8), 376-380. Aziaripour, A., Lagerweij, T., Scharfbilling, C., Jadczak, A. E., Willershausen, B., Van Noorden, C. J. (2016). A Survey of Clearing Techniques for 3D Imaging of Tissues with Special Reference to Connective Tissue with Special Reference to Connective Tissue. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 51(2), 9-23. Black, J. (2012). Microbiology: Principles and exploration (8th ed.). New York: John Wiley Sons. Liversupport.com. (2017, April 10). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Liver Fibrosis Evaluation Methods. Retrieved September 6, 2017, from Liversupport.com: https://www.liversupport.com/comparing-liver-fibrosis-evaluation-methods/ Ong, S. L., Gravante, G., Metcalfe, M. S., Dennilson, A. R. (2013, January 14). History, Ethics, Advantages, and Limitations of Experimental Models for Hepatic Ablation. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 19(2), 147-154. Suriawinata, A. A., Thung, S. N. (2015). Liver Tissue Processing and Normal Histology. Retrieved September 5, 2017, from https://clinicalgate.com/liver-tissue-processing-and-normal-histology/